1.0 INTRODUCTION:

Business firm success is not separable from the managerial practice just like any organized social activity which is inseparable from the values, attitudes, abilities and behavior of the group leader. Practical problems of management and leadership are being solved, however the question of management efficiency and leadership effectiveness are still exist. The fact is that economic climate and technological environment is changing.

Due to these reasons, challenges and assignments of management organizations are changing as well. So, each manager should change his attitudes, managerial skills and behavior according to the current requirements. Business organizations dependence on its leaders is much more wider. Besides, formal and informal leaders of the organizations influence not only the work specifics and also on the success of organizations they are working in. Environmental changes motivate organizations and their leaders to change, but leaders also affect the medium of existence of the organization and inspire changes in its environment. Management factor is also important when considering the inward of the organization. Thompson (2010) found that the leaders influence in the organization felt in various activities, from creation of work strategy and work planning to communication features of separate groups members in a project. An attention has to be given to the business organization managers and the development of their leadership competences in order to reach excellent results. Leadership is the right axis that kick starts all other processes in the organization and also affects enormous variables outside the firm. The insights on managers competencies should be grounded and recorded with proofs, evidences and arguments. This can be achieved by proper investigations, by knowledge acquired and gathered on research conclusions, and by conversance in real and original managerial problems.

2.0 The Basic Role of Manager in Business Organization:

Managers are the community that visibly stands apart in present day business organizations. The reasons are concerned with the process of ownership and management’s separation. Manager’s roles were being changed in the time distance, because the contexts of organisation’s activity were also being changed. Hundred years ago the supervisor was only the liaison between the company owner and all the staff of the company. The supervisor listened to what the workers had to say and used their ideas, but he was concentrated rather on resolving the problems in work place than on the discipline. Along with the growth of an average business firm size, supervisors got more powerful and theirs managerial style became more autocratic. The contexts of manager’s activity were changed and so called manger’s revolution took place. Manager received the rights from the management to employ and dismiss people based on the quantity and quality of their work, and on the required quality of products manufactured by them. Afterwards, status of managers in the business firm began to change due to the changes in the external and internal conditions of company’s functioning. Manager performs various roles in business organization. Often managers arise as a result of existence of certain behaviour patterns which function in external and internal environment of the company and are related with position of a given person in the business organization’s structure. One can therefore distinguish many different typologies of managerial roles in the business enterprise.

3.0 Leadership and Management:

Management and leadership are seen as synonyms but there is a difference between the two. The importance of leadership is on interpersonal behaviour. It is associated with the willing and enthusiastic behaviour of the followers. But leadership does not necessarily take place within the hierarchical structure of business organization. Many operate as leaders without their role ever being clearly defined and established. A leader has sufficient influence to bring long term changes in people’s attitudes and also to make changes more acceptable. So, leadership can be seen primarily as an inspirational process.

4.0 CONCEPTS OF LEADERSHIP:

Leaders are not born but created in business firms. If one has the desire and willpower, he can become an effective leader in any organisation. Best leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, self-estimate, proper education, appropriate training, and work experience.

To inspire your workers into higher levels of teamwork, certain things you must be, know, and, must do it. These do not come just like that, but acquired through continual work and study. Best leaders are continuously working and studying to improve their leadership skills. Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent and also helps the organisations to attain more profit. Leaders in organisations carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as beliefs values , ethics, character, knowledge , and skills. Position as a manager in any firm gives you the authority to accomplish certain tasks, goals and objectives in the organization. This power does not make you a leader and makes you the boss of an organisation. Leadership differs in that it makes the followers want to achieve high goals. Bass (1989 and 1990), theory of leadership states that there are three important ways to explain how people become leaders. The first two explain the leadership development for a small number of people. These theories are: Personality traits may lead people naturally into leadership roles. This is called as the Trait Theory. A crisis or an important event may cause a person to rise to the occasion, which brings out extraordinary leadership qualities in an ordinary person. This is called as the Great Events Theory. People can choose to become leaders and learn leadership skills. This is called as Transformational Leadership Theory. It is the most accepted theory today and the premise on which this guide is based on. When a person is deciding if he respects you as a leader, he does not think about your attributes, rather, he observes what you do so that he can know who you really are. He uses this observation to tell if you are an honourable and trusted leader or a self-serving person who misuses authority and power to look good and get promoted. Self-serving leaders are not effective because their employees only obey them, but not follow them. They succeed in different areas because they present a good image to their seniors at the expense of their workers. The basis of good leadership is honourable in character, kindness and selfless service to your organization. Respected leaders concentrate on what they are, what they know such as job, tasks and what they do such as implementing, motivating and providing right direction, what makes a person want to follow a leader? People want to be guided by those they respect and who have a clear sense of right direction. To attain and gain respect, they must be ethical.

5.0 MANAGERS AND LEADERS:

Are They Different?

Managers are the people in organizations to whom the management task is assigned. It is generally thought that they achieve the desired goals through the key functions of planning and budgeting, organizing and staffing, problem solving and controlling. Leaders on the other hand set a right direction, align people in a proper manner, motivate and inspire. Other researchers consider that a leader has soul, the passion and the creativity while a manager has the mind, the rational and the persistence. A leader is flexible, innovative, inspiring, courageous and independent. At the same time, a manager is consulting, analytical, deliberate, authoritative and stabilizing (Capowski, 1994).

6.0 Characteristics of Managers and Attributes of Leaders:

Management and leadership are most important for the delivery of good services. Although the two are similar in some respects, they may involve different types of outlook, skills, and behaviours. Good and efficient managers should strive to be good leaders, need management skills to be effective. Leaders will have a clear vision of what are all can be achieved and then communicate this to others and evolve strategies for realizing the right vision. They motivate people and are able to negotiate for resources and other support to achieve their goals. Managers ensure that the available resources are hundred percent well organized and applied to produce good results.

The attributes of a good leader are listed below.

· Leaders have a sense of mission

· Leaders are charismatic

· Leaders are able to influence people to work together for a common cause

· Leaders are decisive

· Leaders use creative problem solving to promote better care and a positive working environment. Managers who have these leadership qualities are a credit to the services they manage. However managers must ensure that day-to-day processes run well to produce the desired results

Certain attributes are required for a manager to be effective. They are mentioned below.

· Hundred percent clarity of purpose and tasks

· Good organizational skills

· Ability to communicate tasks and expected results effectively

· ability to negotiate various administrative and regulatory processes

· good delegation skills

7.0 Conditions For Good And Efficient Management:

Certain conditions are very important for creating good and efficient management. Those critical conditions are furnished below.

· Managers and team members need to be selected on merit based on various skills.

· Managers need to earn and obtain the respect of their staff.

· Managers need to have the knowledge, skills and understanding of their roles, tasks, and purpose of the services they deliver.

· Mangers must know about the staff administration rules and regulations, well planned and timely delivered supplies, transparent financial processes, and well planned and monitored activities.

8.0 CONCLUSION:

The main researches of business organizations emphasize that modern organizations cannot manage without a new mind set and attitude to manager’s work. A manager must act as a leader these days. He must be a leader who is able to enable employees, motivate them to work for collaboration. Research Scholars state that these strivings require the leader to possess high managerial competencies, skills and qualities based on high emotional and social intellect. The research allowed us to develop the model of leaders values, attitudes, competences, capabilities and professional characteristics required in various business organization. Leader’s values, competencies, abilities and professional characteristics are reciprocally related variables, and coherence of all these variables could lead to management-in-organization success. Nowadays, the managerial roles have broadened, became more complicated, active and creative. Managers, who want to administrate firms in an appropriate manner must be up to the mark, fulfil more and more functions. They should be flexible, capable to adapt themselves to different situations and play many roles, adapt them and even create the roles because company’s functioning are constantly changing.

9.0 REFERENCES:

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Received on 01.05.2019 Modified on 30.05.2019

Asian Journal of Management. 2019; 10(3):225-228.

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5763.2019.00034.9